TY - JOUR
T1 - A critical review on the symbiotic effect of bacteria and microalgae on treatment of sewage with biofertilizer production
AU - Bharti, Sandeep
AU - Raj, Abhay
AU - Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya
AU - Romanholo Ferreira, Luiz Fernando
AU - Lucena de Souza, Ranyere
AU - Mulla, Sikandar I.
AU - Bharagava, Ram Naresh
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2025/1
Y1 - 2025/1
N2 - Wastes like sewage, kitchen and industrial are the major sources of environmental pollution and health hazards. Sewage contains 99.9% water and 0.1% solid waste including urinal waste and faecal matter alongwith large amounts of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate ions. Sewage may also contain a variety of harmful contaminants like analgesics, antihypertensive drugs, antibiotics, dioxin, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, chlorine derivatives and plasticizers etc. making it more harmfull to environment and public health. Hence, sewage must be adequately treated by an effective process before its final discharge into the environment. Biological treatment of sewage is an emerging idea in recent years, which has diverse economic and environmental advantages. Sewage treatment by bacteria and microalgae has numerous advantages as it removes various excessive nutrients from waste with large biomass production and also prevents the utilization of toxic chemicals in conventional treatment process. Microalgae-bacterial biomass have potential to be used as biofertilizers, bio-stimulants and bio-seed primers in agricultural field as these contain various biologically active substances like polysaccharides, carotenoids, free fatty acids, phenols, and terpenoids. This review paper mainly discussing the sewage characteristics and different kinds of organic and inorganic pollutants it contained alongwith its harmfull impacts on environment and public health. It also deals the different conventional as well as emerging treatment technologies and different factors affecting the treatment efficiency. In addition, the utilization of developed microalgal and bacterial biomass as biofertilizer and its effects on crop plant alongwith future prospects has been also discussed in detail.
AB - Wastes like sewage, kitchen and industrial are the major sources of environmental pollution and health hazards. Sewage contains 99.9% water and 0.1% solid waste including urinal waste and faecal matter alongwith large amounts of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate ions. Sewage may also contain a variety of harmful contaminants like analgesics, antihypertensive drugs, antibiotics, dioxin, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, chlorine derivatives and plasticizers etc. making it more harmfull to environment and public health. Hence, sewage must be adequately treated by an effective process before its final discharge into the environment. Biological treatment of sewage is an emerging idea in recent years, which has diverse economic and environmental advantages. Sewage treatment by bacteria and microalgae has numerous advantages as it removes various excessive nutrients from waste with large biomass production and also prevents the utilization of toxic chemicals in conventional treatment process. Microalgae-bacterial biomass have potential to be used as biofertilizers, bio-stimulants and bio-seed primers in agricultural field as these contain various biologically active substances like polysaccharides, carotenoids, free fatty acids, phenols, and terpenoids. This review paper mainly discussing the sewage characteristics and different kinds of organic and inorganic pollutants it contained alongwith its harmfull impacts on environment and public health. It also deals the different conventional as well as emerging treatment technologies and different factors affecting the treatment efficiency. In addition, the utilization of developed microalgal and bacterial biomass as biofertilizer and its effects on crop plant alongwith future prospects has been also discussed in detail.
KW - Biological treatment
KW - Bioproducts
KW - Ecofriendly
KW - Sustainable technology
KW - Wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85212040593&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123704
DO - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123704
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85212040593
SN - 0301-4797
VL - 373
JO - Journal of Environmental Management
JF - Journal of Environmental Management
M1 - 123704
ER -