A Scalable Modeling and Simulation Environment for Chemical Gas Emergencies

To reflect an evacuation process using a conventional agent-based approach to model human movement under chemical gas exposure, a scalable and hybrid agent-based simulation (ABS) model incorporates an interactive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) gas flow model. To embrace the hybrid ABS model, CFD model, and models for countermeasure in various domains, a scalable runtime infrastructure (RTI)-based simulation environment is also proposed. This environment provides a simulator-level interface to integrate a continuous and discrete-event simulator into the RTI by resolving data/event interaction and time synchronization among heterogeneous simulation models. The authors successfully interoperated the hybrid ABS model, interactive CFD model, control center model, and gas sensor model to evaluate the countermeasures in the proposed environment. As a case study, they applied a 3D-based virtual training engine as a standalone modeling and simulation element to show the scalability of the proposed environment.