TY - JOUR
T1 - Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental disorders in young adulthood
T2 - Latent classes and community violence exposure
AU - Lee, Haenim
AU - Kim, Youngmi
AU - Terry, Jasmine
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2020/5
Y1 - 2020/5
N2 - Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have significant impacts on mental health outcomes. There is a growing interest in expanding the scope of ACEs beyond household environments. To date, few studies examine multidimensional ACEs with community violence. This study aims to (1) identify underlying ACE classes including exposure to community violence, and (2) investigate the associations of ACE classes with mental disorders in adulthood: depression, anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We employed Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and logistic regression analyses using the data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health). The LCA identified four heterogeneous ACE classes: (1) child maltreatment (17.47%), (2) household dysfunction (14.39%), (3) community violence (5.36%), and (4) low adversity (62.79%). Three logistic analyses showed that the “child maltreatment” class was more likely to report a depression (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.26–1.92), anxiety (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.06–1.62), and PTSD (OR = 1.97, CI = 1.35–2.87) in adulthood compared to the “low adversity” class. Also, the “community violence” class was more likely to have PTSD (OR = 2.15, CI = 1.14–4.06) in adulthood, compared to the “low adversity” class. However, the “household dysfunction” class was not significantly different in all three mental disorders from the “low adversity” class. Findings supported the differences in mental disorders in young adulthood by types of exposures to ACEs. The study highlights the importance of considering types of ACEs exposure for promoting mental health of young adults.
AB - Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have significant impacts on mental health outcomes. There is a growing interest in expanding the scope of ACEs beyond household environments. To date, few studies examine multidimensional ACEs with community violence. This study aims to (1) identify underlying ACE classes including exposure to community violence, and (2) investigate the associations of ACE classes with mental disorders in adulthood: depression, anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We employed Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and logistic regression analyses using the data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health (Add Health). The LCA identified four heterogeneous ACE classes: (1) child maltreatment (17.47%), (2) household dysfunction (14.39%), (3) community violence (5.36%), and (4) low adversity (62.79%). Three logistic analyses showed that the “child maltreatment” class was more likely to report a depression (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.26–1.92), anxiety (OR = 1.31, CI = 1.06–1.62), and PTSD (OR = 1.97, CI = 1.35–2.87) in adulthood compared to the “low adversity” class. Also, the “community violence” class was more likely to have PTSD (OR = 2.15, CI = 1.14–4.06) in adulthood, compared to the “low adversity” class. However, the “household dysfunction” class was not significantly different in all three mental disorders from the “low adversity” class. Findings supported the differences in mental disorders in young adulthood by types of exposures to ACEs. The study highlights the importance of considering types of ACEs exposure for promoting mental health of young adults.
KW - Adverse childhood experiences
KW - Community violence exposure
KW - Latent class analysis
KW - Mental disorder
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081038461&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106039
DO - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106039
M3 - Article
C2 - 32097756
AN - SCOPUS:85081038461
SN - 0091-7435
VL - 134
JO - Preventive Medicine
JF - Preventive Medicine
M1 - 106039
ER -