TY - JOUR
T1 - Age-Specific Changes in the Effects of Social Connectedness and Loneliness on Depressive Symptoms
T2 - Evidence From the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
AU - Kim, Juyeon
AU - Lee, Jungtaek
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.
PY - 2024/5
Y1 - 2024/5
N2 - Objective This study investigates the longitudinal effects of changes in the associations between two distinct aspects of social connections—i.e., social connectedness and loneliness—on depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Korean adults. This study also examines whether these associations vary across three age groups (45–64, 65–74, and 75 or above). Methods Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing collected between 2014 and 2020 (n=3,642 individuals), fixed effects models were used to examine the age-specific associations between the two distinct aspects of social connections and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale) while, accounting for time-invariant individual heterogeneity. Social connectedness is measured by asking the frequency of interactions with friends, relatives, or neighbors. Results The findings indicate that the impact of loneliness on depressive symptoms outweighs that of social disconnectedness. Notably, this study unveils age-specific patterns concerning the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic on depressive symptoms and changes in the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Specifically, middle-aged individuals reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness along with a heightened impact of loneliness on depressive symptoms, despite maintaining stable social connections. Conversely, the oldest adults experienced reductions in both depressive symptoms and loneliness, despite a significant decrease in socializing. Conclusion These findings shed light on the differential effects of loneliness on depressive symptoms within distinct age groups before and during the pandemic. The implications of these findings are discussed with a focus on informing the development of targeted policy interventions tailored to the specific needs of different age groups.
AB - Objective This study investigates the longitudinal effects of changes in the associations between two distinct aspects of social connections—i.e., social connectedness and loneliness—on depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Korean adults. This study also examines whether these associations vary across three age groups (45–64, 65–74, and 75 or above). Methods Using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing collected between 2014 and 2020 (n=3,642 individuals), fixed effects models were used to examine the age-specific associations between the two distinct aspects of social connections and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale) while, accounting for time-invariant individual heterogeneity. Social connectedness is measured by asking the frequency of interactions with friends, relatives, or neighbors. Results The findings indicate that the impact of loneliness on depressive symptoms outweighs that of social disconnectedness. Notably, this study unveils age-specific patterns concerning the impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic on depressive symptoms and changes in the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Specifically, middle-aged individuals reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness along with a heightened impact of loneliness on depressive symptoms, despite maintaining stable social connections. Conversely, the oldest adults experienced reductions in both depressive symptoms and loneliness, despite a significant decrease in socializing. Conclusion These findings shed light on the differential effects of loneliness on depressive symptoms within distinct age groups before and during the pandemic. The implications of these findings are discussed with a focus on informing the development of targeted policy interventions tailored to the specific needs of different age groups.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Depressive symptoms
KW - Loneliness
KW - Social distancing
KW - Social isolation
KW - Social isolation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85195113168&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.30773/pi.2023.0268
DO - 10.30773/pi.2023.0268
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85195113168
SN - 1738-3684
VL - 21
SP - 475
EP - 486
JO - Psychiatry Investigation
JF - Psychiatry Investigation
IS - 5
ER -