TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis and Design of a 970-MHz, 108-Stage CMOS Ambient RF Energy Harvester with -36.5-dBm Input Power Sensitivity
AU - Park, Yoomi
AU - Byun, Sangjin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 1963-2012 IEEE.
PY - 2024/6/1
Y1 - 2024/6/1
N2 - This article presents an analysis and design of a 970-MHz, 108-stage CMOS ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvester (RFEH) with -36.5-dBm input power sensitivity. We have newly presented the transient analysis as well as the steady-state analysis of the RFEH to derive the closed form equations of the input power sensitivity, the passive amplification gain and the charging time. Instead of using the power conversion efficiency (PCE), we have newly defined the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) and proposed to use the charging time for the design optimization since we have adopted the ON/OFF power management technique to enhance the input power sensitivity of the RFEH. The prototype RFEH has been implemented in a 28-nm 1P11M CMOS process, and the active die area is 0.025 mm2. The measured input power sensitivity is as high as -36.5 dBm at 970 MHz, when the output dc voltage is 1.0 V. The measured initial charging time from 0.08 to 1.0 V is 8.5 s, and the recharging time from 0.89 to 1.0 V is 3.9 s when the storage capacitance is 1 nF. These results show good agreement with the predicted values by the derived equations.
AB - This article presents an analysis and design of a 970-MHz, 108-stage CMOS ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvester (RFEH) with -36.5-dBm input power sensitivity. We have newly presented the transient analysis as well as the steady-state analysis of the RFEH to derive the closed form equations of the input power sensitivity, the passive amplification gain and the charging time. Instead of using the power conversion efficiency (PCE), we have newly defined the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) and proposed to use the charging time for the design optimization since we have adopted the ON/OFF power management technique to enhance the input power sensitivity of the RFEH. The prototype RFEH has been implemented in a 28-nm 1P11M CMOS process, and the active die area is 0.025 mm2. The measured input power sensitivity is as high as -36.5 dBm at 970 MHz, when the output dc voltage is 1.0 V. The measured initial charging time from 0.08 to 1.0 V is 8.5 s, and the recharging time from 0.89 to 1.0 V is 3.9 s when the storage capacitance is 1 nF. These results show good agreement with the predicted values by the derived equations.
KW - Ambient radio frequency (RF) signals
KW - CMOS integrated circuits
KW - RF energy harvester (RFEH)
KW - RF-dc rectifier
KW - optimization
KW - steady-state analysis
KW - transient analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178082988&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TMTT.2023.3331326
DO - 10.1109/TMTT.2023.3331326
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85178082988
SN - 0018-9480
VL - 72
SP - 3829
EP - 3840
JO - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
JF - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
IS - 6
ER -