Analysis of aflatoxin M₁ and M₂ in commercial dairy products using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector

Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) and M₂ (AFM₂) in commercial dairy products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD). To ensure an accurate analysis, two derivatization methods, bromination and aflatoxin-trifluoroacetic acid derivatization (ATD), were compared. The limits of detection (LODs) of the bromination method were 124.42-151.73ng/kg, and the recovery rates were between 64 and 102%. The detection rates and concentration levels of AFM₁ were 6-74% and 14.48-270.94ng/kg, respectively. AFM₁ was detected in 74% of milk powder samples and 36% of ice cream samples. The mean values of AFM₁ in milk powder and ice cream samples were 270.94 and 33.16ng/kg, respectively. In the case of AFM₂, the detection rates were 2-10%, and the concentration levels were 20.62-55.67ng/kg in milk and milk powder. Among milk and milk powder samples, ultra heat-treated (UHT) milk had lower AFM₁ contamination levels than pasteurized milk.