Application of Enzymes in Bioremediation of Contaminated Hydrosphere and Soil Environment

Sanchita Gupta, Lalit Dangi, Jayanta Kumar Patra, Radha Rani

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterpeer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Due to the ever-increasing global population, industrial sector is growing at a rapid rate which is leading to increase in discharge of hazardous and harmful substances in the environment. Enzymes play an important role in the management of environment by detoxifying or transforming harmful substances into useful products. A variety of enzymes have been isolated from bacteria, fungi, and plants having a wider application in degradation and/or transformation of toxic environmental pollutants. They have been used either in isolated or in bound form for the decontamination of water and soil contaminated with organic (pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic biphenyls, etc.) and inorganic (heavy metals and radionuclides) pollutants. Enzymes that belong to oxidoreductase group detoxify the aromatic compounds through polymerization and co-polymerization with other substrates. This group includes oxygenases, microbial laccases, and peroxidases. Apart from the aromatic compounds, heavy metals can also accumulate in the environment that leads to serious health problem because of their lyophilic, persistent, and toxic nature. For example, hexavalent species of chromium is more toxic than its trivalent species. Chromate reductase can convert the Cr6+ to Cr3+ which is more insoluble in water. This chapter presents an overview of application of different enzymes in waste water treatment and remediation of contaminated soil, sludge, and water.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationBioprospecting of Enzymes in Industry, Healthcare and Sustainable Environment
PublisherSpringer Singapore
Pages1-28
Number of pages28
ISBN (Electronic)9789813341951
ISBN (Print)9789813341944
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jan 2021

Keywords

  • Bioremediation
  • Environment
  • Enzymes
  • Pollutants
  • Soil
  • Water

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