TY - JOUR
T1 - Application of Response Surface Method for Determination of Optimized Conditions for Quantification of 1,4-Dioxane in Model System of Polyethylene Glycol 200
AU - Kim, Myung Chan
AU - Park, Su Yeon
AU - Kim, Hyo Rim
AU - Cho, Yun Sung
AU - Magollah, Tabu Mungia
AU - Mok, Jin Hong
AU - Lee, Yang Bong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - The release of 1,4-dioxane probably contributes to the deterioration of marine habitats, animal health, and human liver and kidneys. The formulation of 1,4-dioxane in glycols, which has been applied for dehumidifying agents in refineries, may need to be replaced to ensure public health. Further, it is necessary to identify and precisely determine the levels of 1,4-dioxane in glycols for food quality control and environmental safety regulation. The objectives of this study were to validate a liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) method for 1,4-dioxane analysis and to optimize the LLE conditions using a response surface methodology (RSM). With consideration of the food matrix and its applications, polyethylene glycol 200 was used as the model system and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. In the experiments for the optimum extraction temperature and time of 1,4-dioxane in ultrasonic treatment, they were 20 °C and 10 min, respectively. The experimental conditions and results were analyzed by RSM with the Box–Behnken design, and the optimal extraction conditions for the LLE were determined to be coded with three independent variables (sample weight, solvent volume, and centrifugation speed). The amount of 1,4-dioxane increased as the amount of sample increased, whereas the amount of 1,4-dioxane decreased as the amount of solvent increased. This information can help to find the analytical methods for regulating the 1,4-dioxane content and its precise quantification in food products.
AB - The release of 1,4-dioxane probably contributes to the deterioration of marine habitats, animal health, and human liver and kidneys. The formulation of 1,4-dioxane in glycols, which has been applied for dehumidifying agents in refineries, may need to be replaced to ensure public health. Further, it is necessary to identify and precisely determine the levels of 1,4-dioxane in glycols for food quality control and environmental safety regulation. The objectives of this study were to validate a liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) method for 1,4-dioxane analysis and to optimize the LLE conditions using a response surface methodology (RSM). With consideration of the food matrix and its applications, polyethylene glycol 200 was used as the model system and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. In the experiments for the optimum extraction temperature and time of 1,4-dioxane in ultrasonic treatment, they were 20 °C and 10 min, respectively. The experimental conditions and results were analyzed by RSM with the Box–Behnken design, and the optimal extraction conditions for the LLE were determined to be coded with three independent variables (sample weight, solvent volume, and centrifugation speed). The amount of 1,4-dioxane increased as the amount of sample increased, whereas the amount of 1,4-dioxane decreased as the amount of solvent increased. This information can help to find the analytical methods for regulating the 1,4-dioxane content and its precise quantification in food products.
KW - 1,4-dioxane
KW - Box–Behnken design
KW - liquid–liquid extraction
KW - polyethylene glycol 200
KW - response surface methodology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85172298971&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/separations10090495
DO - 10.3390/separations10090495
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85172298971
SN - 2297-8739
VL - 10
JO - Separations
JF - Separations
IS - 9
M1 - 495
ER -
