TY - JOUR
T1 - Bi-functional carbon doped and decorated ZnO nanorods for enhanced pH monitoring of dairy milk and adsorption of hazardous dyes
AU - Hilal, Muhammad
AU - Han, Jeong In
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
PY - 2022/6/25
Y1 - 2022/6/25
N2 - This study demonstrates a simple and low-cost process for the in-situ doping and decoration of ZnO nanorods with carbon (CC–ZnO). In CC–ZnO, C-doping decreased the charge density (1.75 × 1018 cm−3) at the non-active sites of ZnO and decreased the charge transfer resistance (101 Ω) at the C-doped-ZnO/electrolyte interface by suppressing native defects and reducing the Schottky barrier height (–0.20 eV), respectively. Moreover, C-decoration enhanced the amphoteric performances of ZnO to react efficiently with H+ and OH− ions in an aqueous electrolyte, demonstrating a high pH sensitivity (48 mV/pH) and fast response time (7 s). Moreover, C-decoration enhanced the dispersion stability (92 h for 7.5 mg/mL concentration) and surface area (43.08 m2·g−1) of CC–ZnO in liquid phase, improving the monolayer adsorption capacity (119.40 mg/g) for the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution. The optimum concentration and pH value of CC–ZnO and aqueous solution were determined to be 25 mg and 6.5, respectively, for maximum (84 %) removal of RhB in the initial five hours of reaction. Adsorption rate analysis revealed that CC–ZnO removed RhB through pseudo-second-order kinetics.
AB - This study demonstrates a simple and low-cost process for the in-situ doping and decoration of ZnO nanorods with carbon (CC–ZnO). In CC–ZnO, C-doping decreased the charge density (1.75 × 1018 cm−3) at the non-active sites of ZnO and decreased the charge transfer resistance (101 Ω) at the C-doped-ZnO/electrolyte interface by suppressing native defects and reducing the Schottky barrier height (–0.20 eV), respectively. Moreover, C-decoration enhanced the amphoteric performances of ZnO to react efficiently with H+ and OH− ions in an aqueous electrolyte, demonstrating a high pH sensitivity (48 mV/pH) and fast response time (7 s). Moreover, C-decoration enhanced the dispersion stability (92 h for 7.5 mg/mL concentration) and surface area (43.08 m2·g−1) of CC–ZnO in liquid phase, improving the monolayer adsorption capacity (119.40 mg/g) for the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution. The optimum concentration and pH value of CC–ZnO and aqueous solution were determined to be 25 mg and 6.5, respectively, for maximum (84 %) removal of RhB in the initial five hours of reaction. Adsorption rate analysis revealed that CC–ZnO removed RhB through pseudo-second-order kinetics.
KW - Adsorption of hazardous dye
KW - Carbon doped/decorated ZnO nanorods
KW - Milk spoilage
KW - pH monitoring of milk
KW - pH sensors
KW - Water treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128315400&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.024
DO - 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.024
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85128315400
SN - 1226-086X
VL - 110
SP - 520
EP - 528
JO - Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
JF - Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
ER -