Categorising Subjective Perceptions of Middle-Aged Breast Cancer Patients Using Q Methodology

Background/Objectives: This study explores the characteristics of different perception types in middle-aged female breast cancer patients and proposes psychological counselling interventions tailored to each type. Methods: The study used the Q methodology, starting with the construction of 40 Q samples and 39 P samples. Results: We categorised middle-aged female patients’ subjective perceptions of battling breast cancer into five types along a spectrum: Type 1, ‘Embracing a New Life’; Type 2, ‘Finally Focusing on Myself’; Type 3, ‘Struggling Amidst Confusion’; Type 4, ‘Withdrawing in Despair’; and Type 5, ‘Pushed to the Edge of Fear’. Conclusions: This study revealed that the subjective experiences of middle-aged female breast cancer patients range on a spectrum from post-traumatic growth to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on these findings, this study discusses the characteristics and significance of each subjectivity type and suggests implications and directions for future research.