TY - JOUR
T1 - Cd-Doped Li4-xCdxTi5O12 (x = 0.20) as a High Rate Capable and Stable Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
AU - Ali, Basit
AU - Muhammad, Raz
AU - Islam, Mobinul
AU - Anang, Daniel Adjah
AU - Han, Da Seul
AU - Moeez, Iqra
AU - Chung, Kyung Yoon
AU - Cho, Min kyung
AU - Kim, Ji Young
AU - Kim, Min Gyu
AU - Nam, Kyung Wan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2023/4/24
Y1 - 2023/4/24
N2 - Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), an excellent anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), suffers from low electronic conductivity, limiting its high-power rate application. An aliovalent metal ion doping strategy that tunes the electronic/ionic conductivity can mitigate this issue. In this work, we investigated a series of Cd2+ dopings on the Li4-xCdxTi5O12 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) anode material by considering its effect on structural and electrochemical performance in Li- and Na-ion batteries. Combined Rietveld refinement and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis explicitly identified Cd2+ doping into the Li(8a) tetrahedral site of the cubic spinel LTO structure. According to high-resolution powder diffraction (HRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 4-point probe, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), an increase in Cd2+ doping from 5 to 20% at the Li (8a) site in the LTO results in a reduction in particle size, an expansion of lattice, an increase in conductivity, and an increase in Ti3+ content to Ti4+ ratio. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) confirms that cadmium ions are interstitially doped in the LTO structure. Compared to the pristine LTO electrode in the Li half cell, the Li3.80Cd0.20Ti5O12 (Cd0.20-LTO) electrode showed a significant improvement in capacity at high rates and excellent cycling performance. The improvement in performance for Cd0.20-doped LTO is a consequence of the reduction in the diffusion path and the faster Li-ion kinetics. Therefore, this Cd-doped LTO series of electrodes demonstrates advantageous features for Li-ion battery systems.
AB - Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), an excellent anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), suffers from low electronic conductivity, limiting its high-power rate application. An aliovalent metal ion doping strategy that tunes the electronic/ionic conductivity can mitigate this issue. In this work, we investigated a series of Cd2+ dopings on the Li4-xCdxTi5O12 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) anode material by considering its effect on structural and electrochemical performance in Li- and Na-ion batteries. Combined Rietveld refinement and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis explicitly identified Cd2+ doping into the Li(8a) tetrahedral site of the cubic spinel LTO structure. According to high-resolution powder diffraction (HRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 4-point probe, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), an increase in Cd2+ doping from 5 to 20% at the Li (8a) site in the LTO results in a reduction in particle size, an expansion of lattice, an increase in conductivity, and an increase in Ti3+ content to Ti4+ ratio. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) confirms that cadmium ions are interstitially doped in the LTO structure. Compared to the pristine LTO electrode in the Li half cell, the Li3.80Cd0.20Ti5O12 (Cd0.20-LTO) electrode showed a significant improvement in capacity at high rates and excellent cycling performance. The improvement in performance for Cd0.20-doped LTO is a consequence of the reduction in the diffusion path and the faster Li-ion kinetics. Therefore, this Cd-doped LTO series of electrodes demonstrates advantageous features for Li-ion battery systems.
KW - Cd-doped LTO
KW - high rate capable
KW - lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)
KW - sodium-ion batteries (SIBs)
KW - spinel structure
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85152737619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsaem.2c04143
DO - 10.1021/acsaem.2c04143
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85152737619
SN - 2574-0962
VL - 6
SP - 4198
EP - 4210
JO - ACS Applied Energy Materials
JF - ACS Applied Energy Materials
IS - 8
ER -