TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization of micro-scale creep deformation of an electro-active paper actuator
AU - Lee, Sangwoo
AU - Kim, Joo Hyung
AU - Kang, Kwangseon
AU - Kim, Jaehwan
AU - Kim, Heung Soo
AU - Yang, Chulho
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - The creep deformation process of an electro-active paper (EAPap) actuator was investigated by adapting stepwise dead-weight loading. To understand the deformation mechanism of the EAPap film, including morphological and structural changes, various loading conditions below yield strength were applied to cellophane EAPap. From the structural observation, micro-dimples and micro-cracks were detected at applied load lower than 10% of yield strength, while they were not found in higher load conditions. It is hypothesized that only short and random fibers in the amorphous region may respond to the applied stress at the low loading condition, not the fibers in the crystalline area. As a result, deformation energy at the localized spot accumulated and created micro-defects at the surface. Meanwhile, fibers in the crystalline region may sustain most of the loads as creep load increases to a high level. Molecular chains in the fiber may rotate and elongate with high load. Elongated fibers were observed only at a high level of load. From the structural change as a function of applied load, a peak shift of crystal orientation was observed only in high load conditions by wide angle x-ray measurement. This may confirm that creep deformation could give rise to structure changes in EAPap.
AB - The creep deformation process of an electro-active paper (EAPap) actuator was investigated by adapting stepwise dead-weight loading. To understand the deformation mechanism of the EAPap film, including morphological and structural changes, various loading conditions below yield strength were applied to cellophane EAPap. From the structural observation, micro-dimples and micro-cracks were detected at applied load lower than 10% of yield strength, while they were not found in higher load conditions. It is hypothesized that only short and random fibers in the amorphous region may respond to the applied stress at the low loading condition, not the fibers in the crystalline area. As a result, deformation energy at the localized spot accumulated and created micro-defects at the surface. Meanwhile, fibers in the crystalline region may sustain most of the loads as creep load increases to a high level. Molecular chains in the fiber may rotate and elongate with high load. Elongated fibers were observed only at a high level of load. From the structural change as a function of applied load, a peak shift of crystal orientation was observed only in high load conditions by wide angle x-ray measurement. This may confirm that creep deformation could give rise to structure changes in EAPap.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70350669877&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/0964-1726/18/9/095008
DO - 10.1088/0964-1726/18/9/095008
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:70350669877
SN - 0964-1726
VL - 18
JO - Smart Materials and Structures
JF - Smart Materials and Structures
IS - 9
M1 - 095008
ER -