Chemical Constituents, Antioxidative and Antibacterial Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms Collected from Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India

Medicinal mushrooms viz. Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lipsiense, Ganoderma chalceum and Ganoderma tsugae are important forest products of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of these mushrooms. The chemical constituents were determined in terms of macronutrients, micronutrients and phenolic contents. The macronutrient content of these mushrooms revealed high amounts of protein (17.10–20.50/100 g), carbohydrate (41.80–59.16/100 g) and low fats (1.2–3.0/100 g) and possessed good quantities micronutrients (vitamins, carotenoids). Mushrooms showed strong antioxidant properties due to the presence of high phenol (27.40–220.41 mg catechol/g extract) and flavonoid (3.42–171.44 mg quercetin/g extract) content. All these mushrooms possess moderate antibacterial properties with zone of inhibition ranging from 11.76 to 18.83 mm against five human pathogenic bacteria. Based on their rich bioactive compounds (vitamins and phenolics), antioxidant and antibacterial activity, they might be exploited by pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.