TY - JOUR
T1 - Comprehensive LC-MS/MS method combined with tandem hybrid hydrolysis for multiple exposure assessment of multiclass environmental pollutants
AU - Lee, Seunghwa
AU - Lee, Kang Mi
AU - Han, Sang Moon
AU - Lee, Hyeon Jeong
AU - Sung, Changmin
AU - Min, Hophil
AU - Im, Hosub
AU - Han, Sang Beom
AU - Cha, Sangwon
AU - Lee, Jaeick
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Environmental pollutants (EPOLs), such as phthalates, volatile organic compounds, phenols, parabens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrethroids, and environmental tobacco smoke, are highly heterogeneous compounds. Recently, attention has been drawn to the assessment of the combinatory effects of multiple EPs. To correlate multiple exposures with potential health implications, advanced comprehensive analytical methods covering multiclass EPOLs are essential. However, because of several technical problems associated with enzyme hydrolysis, simultaneous extraction, and multiresidue liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, it is difficult to establish a comprehensive method covering a number of EPOLs in a single sample preparation and analytical run. We developed tandem hybrid hydrolysis, modified direct injection, and a comprehensive mobile phase to overcome these technical problems and established a comprehensive analytical method for simultaneous biomonitoring of multiclass EPOLs. Tandem hybrid hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase and consecutive acid hydrolysis allowed selective hydrolysis of glucuronide- and sulfate-conjugated metabolites without phthalate degradation. The comprehensive mobile phase composed of 0.01% acetic acid and acetonitrile enabled us to simultaneously analyze 86 EPOLs, with good chromatographic behavior and ionization efficiency. Modified direct injection allowed a small amount of sample and simultaneous urinary extraction. The method was validated and applied to 39 urine samples from 19 mother–newborn pairs for multiple exposure assessment. Results showed that BP-3, a general component in sunblock products, and monoethyl phthalate, a metabolite of diethyl phthalate, exhibit a clear positive correlation between mothers and newborns. Therefore, the developed method has potential as a novel analytical tool for long-term, large-scale, and data-rich human biomonitoring of EPOLs.
AB - Environmental pollutants (EPOLs), such as phthalates, volatile organic compounds, phenols, parabens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrethroids, and environmental tobacco smoke, are highly heterogeneous compounds. Recently, attention has been drawn to the assessment of the combinatory effects of multiple EPs. To correlate multiple exposures with potential health implications, advanced comprehensive analytical methods covering multiclass EPOLs are essential. However, because of several technical problems associated with enzyme hydrolysis, simultaneous extraction, and multiresidue liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, it is difficult to establish a comprehensive method covering a number of EPOLs in a single sample preparation and analytical run. We developed tandem hybrid hydrolysis, modified direct injection, and a comprehensive mobile phase to overcome these technical problems and established a comprehensive analytical method for simultaneous biomonitoring of multiclass EPOLs. Tandem hybrid hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase and consecutive acid hydrolysis allowed selective hydrolysis of glucuronide- and sulfate-conjugated metabolites without phthalate degradation. The comprehensive mobile phase composed of 0.01% acetic acid and acetonitrile enabled us to simultaneously analyze 86 EPOLs, with good chromatographic behavior and ionization efficiency. Modified direct injection allowed a small amount of sample and simultaneous urinary extraction. The method was validated and applied to 39 urine samples from 19 mother–newborn pairs for multiple exposure assessment. Results showed that BP-3, a general component in sunblock products, and monoethyl phthalate, a metabolite of diethyl phthalate, exhibit a clear positive correlation between mothers and newborns. Therefore, the developed method has potential as a novel analytical tool for long-term, large-scale, and data-rich human biomonitoring of EPOLs.
KW - Comprehensive mobile phase
KW - Environmental pollutants (EPOLs)
KW - Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
KW - Tandem hybrid hydrolysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126774704&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113053
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113053
M3 - Article
C2 - 35240112
AN - SCOPUS:85126774704
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 211
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
M1 - 113053
ER -
