Cross-linked benzoxazine-benzimidazole copolymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells at elevated temperature

Here we report new H ₃PO ₄-doped cross-linked benzoxazine-benzimidazole copolymer membranes showing high proton conductivity and long-term durability for use in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells at elevated temperatures (>100 °C). The cross-linked copolymer membranes were prepared by mixing of poly[2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′- bibenzimidazole] (PBI) with 3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-6-tert-butyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine (pBUa) in N,N-dimethylacetamide, with subsequent stepwise heating to 220 °C, and even large-sized films (30 cm × 140 m) could be easily prepared. The membranes showed high proton conductivities of up to 0.12 S cm ^-1 at 150 °C under anhydrous conditions. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) employing the membranes showed operating voltages of 0.71 V at 0.2 A cm ^-2. Furthermore, the MEAs displayed long-term durability up to 1999 cycles, with much slower performance decay, -0.03 mV h ^-1, than those prepared using the PBI membrane in in situ accelerated lifetime mode (load cycling testing).