Design of switching-mode CMOS frequency multipliers in sub-Terahertz regime

Switching mode CMOS frequency multipliers are studied in sub- Terahertz regime. Analysis on the multiplier architectures and optimal gate bias at CMOS switch are investigated to maximize output power at designated harmonics. Utilizing a differential pair, a 195 GHz tripler having a hairpin filter is designed to maximize 3^rd harmonics with -14.8 dB of conversion gain (CG) from P_in = +13dBm of the balanced input, while the 260GHz quadrupler utilizes quadruple-push pairs which achieves CG = -16 dB from two +13dBm of the balanced I/Q driving signals in a 65 nm digital CMOS process.