TY - JOUR
T1 - Determination of atomoxetine metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
AU - Choi, Chang Ik
AU - Bae, Jung Woo
AU - Lee, Hye In
AU - Jang, Choon Gon
AU - Sohn, Uy Dong
AU - Lee, Seok Yong
PY - 2012/2/15
Y1 - 2012/2/15
N2 - 4-Hydroxyatomoxetine (4-HAT) and N-desmethylatomoxetine (N-DAT) are major metabolites of atomoxetine, a potent and selective inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter that is used for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The pharmacological activity of 4-HAT is similar to that of atomoxetine. We have developed and validated a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography analytical method with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of 4-HAT and N-DAT in human plasma. After liquid-liquid extraction with methyl t-butyl ether, chromatographic separation of analytes was performed using a reversed-phase Luna C 18 column (2.0mm×100mm, 3μm particles) with a mobile phase of 10mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5)-methanol (10:90, v/v) and quantified by MS/MS detection in ESI positive ion mode. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 250μL/min and the retention times of 4-HAT, N-DAT and internal standard (IS, metoprolol) were 0.9, 1.0 and 1.0min, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.05-20ng/mL for 4-HAT and 0.1-20ng/mL for N-DAT. The lower limits of quantification, using 200μL human plasma, were 0.05 and 0.1ng/mL for 4-HAT and N-DAT, respectively. The mean accuracy and precision for intra- and inter-day validation of 4-HAT and N-DAT were both within the acceptable limits. This LC-MS/MS method showed improved sensitivity for quantification of the two main metabolites of atomoxetine in human plasma compared with previously described analytical methods. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in humans.
AB - 4-Hydroxyatomoxetine (4-HAT) and N-desmethylatomoxetine (N-DAT) are major metabolites of atomoxetine, a potent and selective inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter that is used for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The pharmacological activity of 4-HAT is similar to that of atomoxetine. We have developed and validated a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography analytical method with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of 4-HAT and N-DAT in human plasma. After liquid-liquid extraction with methyl t-butyl ether, chromatographic separation of analytes was performed using a reversed-phase Luna C 18 column (2.0mm×100mm, 3μm particles) with a mobile phase of 10mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.5)-methanol (10:90, v/v) and quantified by MS/MS detection in ESI positive ion mode. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 250μL/min and the retention times of 4-HAT, N-DAT and internal standard (IS, metoprolol) were 0.9, 1.0 and 1.0min, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.05-20ng/mL for 4-HAT and 0.1-20ng/mL for N-DAT. The lower limits of quantification, using 200μL human plasma, were 0.05 and 0.1ng/mL for 4-HAT and N-DAT, respectively. The mean accuracy and precision for intra- and inter-day validation of 4-HAT and N-DAT were both within the acceptable limits. This LC-MS/MS method showed improved sensitivity for quantification of the two main metabolites of atomoxetine in human plasma compared with previously described analytical methods. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in humans.
KW - 4-Hydroxyatomoxetine
KW - Human plasma
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - N-Desmethylatomoxetine
KW - Pharmacokinetics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84856649492&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.023
DO - 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.023
M3 - Article
C2 - 22237133
AN - SCOPUS:84856649492
SN - 1570-0232
VL - 885-886
SP - 103
EP - 108
JO - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
ER -