Development of a hybrid energy storage system for heat and electricity: Application to green hydrogen production process integrated with a municipal solid waste incinerator

To address the climate crisis and transition to a hydrogen economy, large-scale systems for green hydrogen production must be developed. Achieving this goal requires continuous generation of green hydrogen and improvement of the energy efficiency of the production system. The proposed integrated process comprises a municipal solid waste incineration plant, a solid oxide electrolysis cell, and a hybrid energy storage system that combines compressed air energy storage and amine-based thermal energy storage. By integrating the thermal and mass systems of municipal solid waste incineration plants, solid oxide electrolysis cells, and hybrid energy storage systems, innovative processes are developed that reduce carbon emissions and enhance the system's energy efficiency. The energy consumption of this hydrogen-production system is 7.8 % lower than that of conventional systems, achieving an exergy efficiency of 74.4 %. The exergy and power efficiencies of the hybrid energy storage system are 54.4 % and 57.2 %, respectively. Additionally, the amine-based thermal energy storage in this hybrid energy storage system can capture 98.0 % of the carbon dioxide emitted from the municipal solid waste incineration plant, resulting in an integrated process that excels in energy efficiency and offers significant environmental benefits.