Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety

Roop Kishor, Diane Purchase, Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, Muhammad Bilal, Ram Chandra, Ram Naresh Bharagava

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

688 Scopus citations

Abstract

Textile industry wastewater (TIWW) is considered as one of the worst polluters of our precious water and soil ecologies. It causes carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and allergenic threats to living organisms. TIWW contains a variety of persistent coloring pollutants (dyes), formaldehyde, phthalates, phenols, surfactants, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), pentachlorophenol and different heavy metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) etc. TIWW is characterized by high dye content, high pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total organic carbon (TOC), chlorides and sulphates. Thus, requires adequate treatment before its final discharge into the water bodies to protect public health and environment. The treatment of TIWW is a major challenge as there is no particular economically feasible treatment method capable to adequately treat TIWW. Therefore, there is a need to develop a novel, cost-effective and eco-friendly technology for the effective treatment of TIWW. This review paper emphasizes on the different textile industry processes, wastewater generation, its nature and chemical composition, environmental impacts and health hazards and treatment approaches available for TIWW treatment. It also presents various analytical techniques used to detect and characterize TIWW pollutants and their metabolites, challenges, key issues and future prospectives.

Original languageEnglish
Article number105012
JournalJournal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
Volume9
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2021

Keywords

  • Environmental and health concern
  • Persistent coloring pollutants
  • Textile industry
  • Treatment approaches
  • Wastewater

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