TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of binary additives in mixed 2D/3D Sn-based perovskite solar cells
AU - Sandhu, Sanjay
AU - Singh, Ranbir
AU - Yoo, Kicheon
AU - Kumar, Manish
AU - Lee, Jae Joon
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/4/15
Y1 - 2021/4/15
N2 - Additive doping improves the morphology and stability of tin (Sn)-based perovskite films under ambient conditions. However, the role of additives in the perovskite layer is not clearly understood, especially when two or more additives are incorporated. In this study, the effect of binary additives composed of 2-phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) and ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDAI2) on formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is studied. PEAI plays an important role in reducing the dimensionality of the perovskite crystals from 3D to mixed 2D/3D, whereas EDAI2 resides on the grain periphery as a linker to improve the interconnection between neighboring grains. Overall, the optimum blending of the two additives, 8 and 1 mol % of PEAI and EDAI2, produces pinhole-free, compact perovskite film with superior crystallinity and preferential orientation, exhibiting very low background charge carrier density, reduced trap states and suppressed recombination losses. The reduced dimensionality and favored perovskite layer stacking lead to a better interlayer coupling that improves charge transfer at the interfaces. Consequently, the best PSC exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.47% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.634 V and the device stability is enhanced up to 5 days in ambient conditions without any additional encapsulation.
AB - Additive doping improves the morphology and stability of tin (Sn)-based perovskite films under ambient conditions. However, the role of additives in the perovskite layer is not clearly understood, especially when two or more additives are incorporated. In this study, the effect of binary additives composed of 2-phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) and ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDAI2) on formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is studied. PEAI plays an important role in reducing the dimensionality of the perovskite crystals from 3D to mixed 2D/3D, whereas EDAI2 resides on the grain periphery as a linker to improve the interconnection between neighboring grains. Overall, the optimum blending of the two additives, 8 and 1 mol % of PEAI and EDAI2, produces pinhole-free, compact perovskite film with superior crystallinity and preferential orientation, exhibiting very low background charge carrier density, reduced trap states and suppressed recombination losses. The reduced dimensionality and favored perovskite layer stacking lead to a better interlayer coupling that improves charge transfer at the interfaces. Consequently, the best PSC exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.47% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.634 V and the device stability is enhanced up to 5 days in ambient conditions without any additional encapsulation.
KW - Background charge carrier density
KW - Binary additives
KW - Non-geminated recombination
KW - Perovskite solar cells
KW - Superior crystallinity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100440130&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229574
DO - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229574
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85100440130
SN - 0378-7753
VL - 491
JO - Journal of Power Sources
JF - Journal of Power Sources
M1 - 229574
ER -