Effect of millimeter wave for differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to osteoblasts-like cell

In this study, we have evaluated the effects of millimeter wave by assessing the osteogenic differentiation properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). To measure the effect of millimeter wave, millimeter wave irradiation was applied to these cells continuously for 7 days and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM)/F12 was used with a supplement. The morphology did not show cytotoxicity, while the viability of the millimeter wave treatment group cells was similar to that of the control group. Also, the level of collagen type I, vimentin, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, and osteocalcin mRNA were increased and the level of phospho extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), osteonectin, and BMP-2 expression were increased in the millimeter wave treatment group. Furthermore, fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis showed that CD 90 and CD 105 expression decreased in the millimeter wave group and immunocytochemical staining analysis showed that BMP-2 and osteopontin expression had increased in the millimeter wave group. In conclusion, our results suggest that an appropriate millimeter wave exposure can be promoted as a potent positive modulator of bone marrow stromal cells into osteoblasts-like cells.