Abstract
Furan and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were quantified in 108 coffee models prepared considering the species/origin of the coffee beans, roasting temperature/time, mesh size used to sieve the ground coffee beans, type of extraction water and extraction method. The effect of drinking conditions, such as adding sugar or cream, on furan and 5-HMF levels, was also studied. The range of furan and 5-HMF in coffee samples were 5–362 ppb and 51–1143 ppm, respectively. Furan levels were increased by 198–560% with increasing roasting temperature/time and by 106–399% in cold-brew extracts compared with espresso extracts. Among the mesh sizes used, 500 μm with espresso extraction, and 710 μm with cold-brew extraction led to maximal furan levels. 5-HMF concentration was highest in Robusta coffee and espresso extracts, and decreased by 17–76% with increasing roasting temperature/time. In a drinking condition study, furan level was remained unchanged, even when sugar or cream were added.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 129806 |
Journal | Food Chemistry |
Volume | 358 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Oct 2021 |
Keywords
- 5-HMF
- Brewing method
- Coffee
- Furan
- Mesh size
- Roasting
- Sugar
- Water type