Effect of volume fractional change of nanoparticles on surface plasmon polariton

The dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is investigated as a function of the volume fraction of silver nanoparticles at the interface between nanocomposite and atomic media. The increase in silver nanoparticle content significantly influences SPP propagation, which is crucial for advancing plasmonic technologies. As the volume fraction of silver nanoparticles increases from 0% to 60%, the real part of the SPP wave vector rises from to , and the SPP wavelength decreases from to . This also modifies the propagation length from to and reduces the penetration depth in the nanocomposite from 0.125 nm to 0.005 nm.