TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of cigarette smoke extracts on cell cycle, cell migration and endocrine activity in human placental cells
AU - Kim, Cho Won
AU - Lee, Hae Miru
AU - Lee, Kyuhong
AU - Kim, Bumseok
AU - Lee, Moo Yeol
AU - Choi, Kyung Chul
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2017/10
Y1 - 2017/10
N2 - Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be related to adverse pregnancy results associated with trophoblast proliferation and cell cycle progression. Moreover, many previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke is correlated with human chorionic gonadotropin beta (hCG-β) subunit produced from syncytiotrophoblasts during pregnancy. Thus, we further investigated whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the cell proliferation, migration and endocrine hormone activity of JEG-3 human placental cancer cells. JEG-3 cell proliferation was significantly reduced by all CSEs in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CSEs decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in JEG-3 cells in Western blot. Increased migration or invasion ability of JEG-3 cells following CSE treatment was also confirmed by a scratch or fibronectin invasion assay in vitro. Additionally, protein levels of E-cadherin as an epithelial maker were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, snail and slug were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. The metastasis marker, cathepsin D, was also down-regulated by CSE. Finally, CSEs significantly reduced the expression of hCG-β protein in JEG-3 cells. Overall, these results indicate that exposure of placental cells to CSE deregulates the cell cycle by altering the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and stimulates cell metastatic ability by altering EMT markers and cathepsin D expression. CSE exposure may also decrease hCG-β production as an endocrine marker, implying that cigarette smoke has adverse effects during pregnancy.
AB - Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be related to adverse pregnancy results associated with trophoblast proliferation and cell cycle progression. Moreover, many previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke is correlated with human chorionic gonadotropin beta (hCG-β) subunit produced from syncytiotrophoblasts during pregnancy. Thus, we further investigated whether cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the cell proliferation, migration and endocrine hormone activity of JEG-3 human placental cancer cells. JEG-3 cell proliferation was significantly reduced by all CSEs in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CSEs decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in JEG-3 cells in Western blot. Increased migration or invasion ability of JEG-3 cells following CSE treatment was also confirmed by a scratch or fibronectin invasion assay in vitro. Additionally, protein levels of E-cadherin as an epithelial maker were down-regulated, while the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, snail and slug were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner. The metastasis marker, cathepsin D, was also down-regulated by CSE. Finally, CSEs significantly reduced the expression of hCG-β protein in JEG-3 cells. Overall, these results indicate that exposure of placental cells to CSE deregulates the cell cycle by altering the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and stimulates cell metastatic ability by altering EMT markers and cathepsin D expression. CSE exposure may also decrease hCG-β production as an endocrine marker, implying that cigarette smoke has adverse effects during pregnancy.
KW - Cell cycle
KW - Cigarette smoke extract
KW - Human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit
KW - Metastasis
KW - Placental cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85026787079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.010
DO - 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 28736174
AN - SCOPUS:85026787079
SN - 0890-6238
VL - 73
SP - 8
EP - 19
JO - Reproductive Toxicology
JF - Reproductive Toxicology
ER -