Effects of doping concentration and emission layer thickness on recombination zone and exciton density control in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

Herein, we evaluate the effects of the doping concentration and emissive layer (EML) thickness to control the recombination zone (RZ) and exciton density (ED) in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (Ph-OLEDs). Varying the doping concentration of the guest molecule iridium-(III)-bis-[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2’] picolinate (FIrpic) in host materials together with different EML thicknesses induced a change in the RZ and ED and also influenced the quenching of triplet excitons. Increasing the dopant concentration in the 20 nm EML generated a wider RZ and greater ED and induced a blueshift in the electroluminescence spectrum, whereas a redshift in the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum was observed in the case of the 30 nm EML. It is proposed that the micro-cavity effect (around 500 nm), shift of the RZ and ED along with band alignment tactics were operative for improving the performance of the blue Ph-OLEDs.