Enhanced stability and performance of perovskite solar cells and X-ray detectors via MoS₂@MoO₃ composites integration

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have several noteworthy properties, but their stability remains an issue. Optimizing PSCs' active layer through integration with other materials will boost their stability and overall performance. In this work, our investigation focuses on the potential applications of MoS₂ in PSCs and X-ray detectors by looking into the sequential growth of MoS₂ and the formation of MoS₂@MoO₃ composites embedded with perovskite active layer (AL) MAPbI_3-x(SCN)_x. This strategy aims to increase the overall structural integrity and longevity of PSCs to provide more dependable and long-lasting performance in real-world applications The study examines the crystalline structures and vibrational properties of MoS₂, MoO₃, and the resultant composite using state-of-the-art techniques like X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The MoS₂@MoO₃ composite performs better than individual configurations, The hole transport layer of the PEDOT: PSS solution is enhanced by adding 50 % weight percent dimethylformamide (DMF). The maximum PCE of 16.25 % is attained by devices containing MoS₂@MoO₃, as opposed to 11.82 % by the pure device, 13.36 % by MoO₃, and 14.87 % by MoS₂. We also study the MoS₂@MoO₃ hybrid in X-ray detectors, where it outperforms the other hybrids with the best sensitivity of 4.31 mA/Gy·cm² and the highest collected charge density (CCD), dark current density (DCD) of 14.40 μA/cm². The optimal concentration is 2 wt%. We also study applied bias voltages and dose rates, which show the improved performance of the composite under various conditions. Our understanding of the MoS₂@MoO₃ composite's functional properties in advanced energy and detection technologies has been greatly enhanced by these results, which highlight the composite's potential for academic and technological advancements.