TY - JOUR
T1 - Epigenetic approaches to regeneration of bone and cartilage from stem cells
AU - Im, Gun Il
AU - Shin, Kyung Ju
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Informa UK, Ltd.
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - Introduction: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or adult stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been intensively studied for skeletal tissue regeneration including bone and cartilage. Epigenetic mechanisms play essential roles in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. However, little is known about the epigenetic regulation of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of stem cells.Areas covered: In this review, features of ESCs and adult stem cells, epigenetics and chromatin structure, as well as epigenetic mechanisms, such as chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation and histone modifications, polycomb group (PcG) proteins and microRNAs are described. Epigenetic researches of stem cell are introduced.Expert opinion: Epigenetic alterations of stem cell during the in vitro differentiation can be controlled for clinical applications. MSCs are effective resources for skeletal tissue regeneration in both undifferentiated and differentiated states. Understanding epigenetic signatures of MSC is crucial to maintain the stemness. In addition, investigation of epigenetic changes in the differentiation of MSCs is very important to develop methods or chemicals to promote efficient differentiation of MSCs. Inhibition of PcG protein enhancer of zeste (Ezh2) a chromatin modifier, could be a promising candidate to improve MSC differentiation by decreasing Ezh2-mediated H3K27me3.
AB - Introduction: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or adult stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been intensively studied for skeletal tissue regeneration including bone and cartilage. Epigenetic mechanisms play essential roles in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. However, little is known about the epigenetic regulation of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of stem cells.Areas covered: In this review, features of ESCs and adult stem cells, epigenetics and chromatin structure, as well as epigenetic mechanisms, such as chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation and histone modifications, polycomb group (PcG) proteins and microRNAs are described. Epigenetic researches of stem cell are introduced.Expert opinion: Epigenetic alterations of stem cell during the in vitro differentiation can be controlled for clinical applications. MSCs are effective resources for skeletal tissue regeneration in both undifferentiated and differentiated states. Understanding epigenetic signatures of MSC is crucial to maintain the stemness. In addition, investigation of epigenetic changes in the differentiation of MSCs is very important to develop methods or chemicals to promote efficient differentiation of MSCs. Inhibition of PcG protein enhancer of zeste (Ezh2) a chromatin modifier, could be a promising candidate to improve MSC differentiation by decreasing Ezh2-mediated H3K27me3.
KW - Chondrogenesis
KW - Epigenetics
KW - Osteogenesis
KW - Skeletal tissue regeneration
KW - Stem cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84920940968&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1517/14712598.2015.960838
DO - 10.1517/14712598.2015.960838
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25283749
AN - SCOPUS:84920940968
SN - 1471-2598
VL - 15
SP - 181
EP - 193
JO - Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
JF - Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
IS - 2
ER -