Estimation of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion using spot urine samples

Moo Yong Rhee, Ji Hyun Kim, Sung Joon Shin, Namyi Gu, Deuk Young Nah, Kyung Soon Hong, Eun Joo Cho, Ki Chul Sung

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53 Scopus citations

Abstract

The present study evaluated the reliability of equations using spot urine (SU) samples in the estimation of 24-hour urine sodium excretion (24-HUNa). Equations estimating 24-HUNa from SU samples were derived from first-morning SU of 101 participants (52.4 ± 11.1 years, range 24-70 years). Equations developed by us and other investigators were validated with SU samples from a separate group of participants (n = 224, 51.0 ± 10.9 years, range 24-70 years). Linear, quadratic, and cubic equations were derived from first-morning SU samples because these samples had a sodium/creatinine ratio having the highest correlation coefficient for 24-HUNa/creatinine ratio (r = 0.728, p < 0.001). In the validation group, the estimated 24-HUNa showed significant correlations with measured 24-HUNa values. The estimated 24-HUNa by the linear, quadratic, and cubic equations developed from our study were not significantly different from measured 24-HUNa, while estimated 24-HUNa by previously developed equations were significantly different from measured 24-HUNa values. The limits of agreement between measured and estimated 24-HUNa by six equations exceeded 100 mmol/24-hour in the Bland-Altman analysis. All equations showed a tendency of under- or over-estimation of 24-HUNa, depending on the level of measured 24-HUNa. Estimation of 24-HUNa from single SU by equations as tested in the present study was found to be inadequate for the estimation of an individual's 24-HUNa.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2360-2375
Number of pages16
JournalNutrients
Volume6
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 20 Jun 2014

Keywords

  • 24-hour collection
  • Sodium intake
  • Spot urine

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