Fabrication of High-Performance Solar Cells and X‑ray Detectors Using MoX₂@CNT Nanocomposite-Tuned Perovskite Layers

The interface design of inorganic and organic halide perovskite-based devices plays an important role to attain high performance. The modification of transport layers (ETL and HTL) or the perovskite layer is given the crucial inspiration to realize superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). The highly conducting 2D materials of CNT, graphene/GO, and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are suitable substitutes to tune the electronic structure/work function of perovskite devices. Herein, the nanocomposites composed of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX₂ = MoS₂, MoSe₂, and MoTe₂) stretched CNT was embedded with HTL or perovskite layer to improve the resulted characteristics of perovskite devices of solar cells and X-ray detectors. A superior solar cell efficiency of 12.57% was realized for the MoTe₂@CNT nanocomposites using a modified active layer-composed device. Additionally, X-ray detectors with MoTe₂@CNT-modulated active layers achieved 13.32 μA/cm², 3.99 mA/Gy·cm², 4.81 × 10⁻⁴ cm²/V·s, and 2.13 × 10¹⁵ cm²/V·s of CCD-DCD, sensitivity, mobility, and trap density, respectively. Density functional theory approximation was used to realize the improved electronics properties, optical properties, and energy band structures in the MoX₂@ CNT-doped perovskites evidently. Thus, the current research paves the way for the improvement of highly efficient semiconductor devices based on perovskite-based structures with the use of 2D nanocomposites.