Fabrication of Ru loaded MgB₂ with guar gum hybrid for photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet

Today, dyes/pigment-based materials are confronting a serious issue in harming marine ecology. Annihilate these serious water pollutants using photoactive 2D nanohybrid catalysts showed promising comparativeness over available photocatalysts. In the present work, a facile route to decorate Ruthenium (Ru) on 2D MgB₂ flower-like nanostructures was developed via ecofriendly guar gum biopolymer substantial template (MgB₂/GG@Ru NFS) and its photocatalytic performance was reported. Synthesis of MgB₂@Ru, MgB₂/GG@Ru NFS and commercial MgB₂, was studied by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, AFM, TEM, UV–vis spectra, and XPS analysis. From the results, the MgB₂/GG@Ru NFS exhibited a superior photocatalytic performance (99.7 %) than its precursors MgB₂@Ru (79.7 %), and MgB₂ (53.7 %), with the degradation efficiency of the crystal violet (CV) within 100 min under visible light irradiation. The proposed photo-catalyst MgB₂/GG@Ru NFS showed negligible loss of photocatalytic activity even after five successive cycles, revealing its reusability and enhanced stability due to the network structure. The photocatalytic mechanism for MgB₂/GG@Ru NFS was evaluated by trapping experiment of active species, verifying that superoxide ([rad]O₂ ⁻) and electron (e⁻) contributed significant role in the dye degradation.