Graphene oxide supported SnO₂-WO₃ nanocomposite as electrode material for lithium-ion batteries and battery-type supercapacitor

The delicate architecture of hybrid/mixed metal oxides with different working mechanisms can display synergistically improved effects in energy storage applications. Herein, we report the amorphous SnO₂-WO₃ hybrid nanocomposite and its successful incorporation in graphene oxide (GO) to fabricate ternary nanocomposite (SnO₂-WO₃/GO) through a facile solvothermal and sonication approach. Both binary and ternary nanocomposites were investigated as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and battery-type supercapacitor applications. Notably, the ternary nanocomposite delivers a lower discharge capacity of 995 mA h g⁻¹ compared to binary nanocomposite (1120 mA h g⁻¹). However, possesses a low-capacity loss of 39 % than binary nanocomposite (79 %) and retains a higher discharge high-capacity of 196 mA h g⁻¹ with Coulombic efficiency of above 95 % than binary nanocomposite (97 mA h g⁻¹) with Coulombic efficiency of ∼ 100 % after 100 dis(charge) cycles. The fabricated nanocomposites when evaluated in supercapacitor application show battery-type charge storage behavior. The maximum capacity observed for binary and ternary nanocomposites is 380 and 466 C g⁻¹, respectively at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹. The ternary nanocomposite reflects a high-capacity retention of 85.75 % compared to binary nanocomposite (72.12 %) after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g⁻¹.