TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of novel discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) inhibitors using E-pharmacophore modeling, structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA approaches
AU - Nada, Hossam
AU - Lee, Kyeong
AU - Gotina, Lizaveta
AU - Pae, Ae Nim
AU - Elkamhawy, Ahmed
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Dysregulation of the discoidin domain receptor (DDR1), a collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinase, has been linked to several human cancer diseases including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer, in addition to several inflammatory and neurological conditions. Although there are some selective DDR1 inhibitors that have been discovered during the last two decades, a combination of elevated cytotoxicity, kinome selectivity and/or poor DMPK profile has prevented more in-depth studies from being performed. As such, no DDR1 inhibitor has reached clinical investigation to date, forming an urgent need to develop specific DDR1 inhibitor(s) using various drug discovery means. However, the recent discovery of VU6015929, a potent and selective DDR1 kinase inhibitor, with enhanced physiochemical and DMPK properties in addition to its clean kinome profile marked a milestone in the development of DDR1 inhibitors. Herein, VU6015929 was used to construct a 3D e-pharmacophore model which was validated via calculating the difference of score between the active compounds and decoys. The validated e-pharmacophore model was then utilized to screen 20 million drug-like compounds obtained from the freely accessible Zinc database. The generated hits were ranked using high throughput virtual screening technique (HTVS), and the top 8 small molecules were subjected to a molecular docking study and MM-GBSA calculations. Protein-ligand complexes of compounds 1, 2, 3 and the standard compound (VU6015929) were performed for 100 ns and compared with the DDR1 unbound protein state and the DDR1 bound to a co-crystallized ligand. The molecular docking, MD and MM-GBSA outputs revealed compounds 1–3 as potential DDR1 inhibitors, with compound 2 displaying superior binding affinity, comparable binding stability and average binding free energy for the ligand-enzyme complex compared to VU6015929.
AB - Dysregulation of the discoidin domain receptor (DDR1), a collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinase, has been linked to several human cancer diseases including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer, in addition to several inflammatory and neurological conditions. Although there are some selective DDR1 inhibitors that have been discovered during the last two decades, a combination of elevated cytotoxicity, kinome selectivity and/or poor DMPK profile has prevented more in-depth studies from being performed. As such, no DDR1 inhibitor has reached clinical investigation to date, forming an urgent need to develop specific DDR1 inhibitor(s) using various drug discovery means. However, the recent discovery of VU6015929, a potent and selective DDR1 kinase inhibitor, with enhanced physiochemical and DMPK properties in addition to its clean kinome profile marked a milestone in the development of DDR1 inhibitors. Herein, VU6015929 was used to construct a 3D e-pharmacophore model which was validated via calculating the difference of score between the active compounds and decoys. The validated e-pharmacophore model was then utilized to screen 20 million drug-like compounds obtained from the freely accessible Zinc database. The generated hits were ranked using high throughput virtual screening technique (HTVS), and the top 8 small molecules were subjected to a molecular docking study and MM-GBSA calculations. Protein-ligand complexes of compounds 1, 2, 3 and the standard compound (VU6015929) were performed for 100 ns and compared with the DDR1 unbound protein state and the DDR1 bound to a co-crystallized ligand. The molecular docking, MD and MM-GBSA outputs revealed compounds 1–3 as potential DDR1 inhibitors, with compound 2 displaying superior binding affinity, comparable binding stability and average binding free energy for the ligand-enzyme complex compared to VU6015929.
KW - DDR1 inhibitors
KW - E-Pharmacophore modeling
KW - MM-GBSA study
KW - Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation
KW - Novel discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1)
KW - Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122614848&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105217
DO - 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105217
M3 - Article
C2 - 35032738
AN - SCOPUS:85122614848
SN - 0010-4825
VL - 142
JO - Computers in Biology and Medicine
JF - Computers in Biology and Medicine
M1 - 105217
ER -