Interface Engineering Driven Stabilization of Halide Perovskites against Moisture, Heat, and Light for Optoelectronic Applications

Moisture, heat, and light instabilities of halide perovskites (HPs) represent a serious Achilles' heel that must be overcome, to enable future advancements in perovskite-based optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. The instabilities are attributed to the unavoidable fragile ionic bonding between cationic and anionic parts of HPs during their formation. Surface passivation of HPs by various surface-passivating materials has proven to be an attractive approach to stabilize perovskites against moisture, heat, and light, keeping intact their structural integrity and ionic bonding. Herein, the experimental and theoretical background for degradation mechanisms of HPs is reviewed along with various surface passivating materials to stabilize HPs. Finally, the existing challenges associated with thin-film and device fabrication and an outlook for improving the stability of perovskites in optoelectronics are presented.