Is a Threat to Destroy Cultural Heritage a Violation of International Law? Tweet Diplomacy and Gaps in Cultural Property Protection

Eric Yong Joong Lee, Ramya Ramachanderan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

On January 4, 2020, the official Twitter account of the former US President Trump threatens to target Iran’s cultural heritage sites conditioned on any Iranian retaliation on US military forces then stationed in the Middle East. The immediate context was that the US-led drone strike had killed Iran’s Major General Qasem Soleimani in Iraq (Baghdad) only two days prior. This study critically analyzes whether “Tweets” uploaded to President Trump’s Twitter account could reasonably be construed as a type of harm against international law instruments and framework on the safeguarding of cultural heritage. This paper provides a brief contextual overview of President Trump’s Tweets; traces the historical destruction of cultural property during conflicts and discusses the preservation of heritage; delineates international laws and assesses whether President Trump and the US might be legally bound to refrain from threats to destroy cultural property; and examines the increasing role of social media in the evolution of the idea of diplomacy.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)125-146
Number of pages22
JournalJournal of East Asia and International Law
Volume16
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Mar 2023

Keywords

  • Cultural Property
  • General Qasem Soleimani
  • President Trump
  • The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property
  • Tweet Diplomacy

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