Lipoteichoic acids as a major virulence factor causing inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 2

Seok Seong Kang, Ju Ri Sim, Cheol Heui Yun, Seung Hyun Han

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

87 Scopus citations

Abstract

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, is associated with various inflammatory diseases ranging from minor skin diseases to severe sepsis. It is known that LTA is recognized by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), leading to the initiation of innate immune responses and further development of adaptive immunity. However, excessive immune responses may result in the inflammatory sequelae that are involved in severe diseases such as sepsis. Although numerous studies have tried to identify the molecular basis for the pathophysiology of Gram-positive bacterial infection, the exact role of LTA during the infection has not been clearly elucidated. This review provides an overview of LTA structure and host recognition by TLR2 that leads to the activation of innate immune responses. Emphasis is placed on differential immunostimulating activities of LTAs of various Gram-positive bacteria at the molecular level.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1519-1529
Number of pages11
JournalArchives of Pharmacal Research
Volume39
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Nov 2016

Keywords

  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Inflammation
  • Innate immunity
  • Lipoteichoic acid
  • Toll-like receptor

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