TY - JOUR
T1 - Meteorological Influences on Reference Evapotranspiration in Different Geographical Regions
AU - Ghafouri-Azar, Mona
AU - Lee, Sang Il
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/2
Y1 - 2023/2
N2 - It is critical to understand how meteorological variables impact reference evapotranspiration (Formula presented.) since meteorological variables have a different effect on (Formula presented.). This study examined the impact of meteorological variables on (Formula presented.) on the Korean Peninsula under complex climatic and geographic conditions in order to understand how (Formula presented.) and meteorological variables have changed over the past 42 years. Different geographical conditions were analyzed, including plains, mountains, and coastal areas on a seasonal and annual basis. (Formula presented.) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith method by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) using daily relative humidity (Formula presented.), solar radiation (Formula presented.), maximum temperature (Formula presented.), minimum temperature (Formula presented.), and wind speed (Formula presented.). According to the results, the maximum mean seasonal and annual (Formula presented.) occurred on the southern coast, while the minimum occurred in the mountainous area and along the east coast. Seasonal (Formula presented.) is highest in summer, and is lowest in winter for all regions. The investigation of meteorological variables on (Formula presented.) revealed that the response varied by area, and the magnitudes of sensitivity varied by location and season. RH is the most critical meteorological variable to affect (Formula presented.) in all seasons, except summer, when (Formula presented.) is the most sensitive parameter. The results revealed that different regions showed different responses to the change in (Formula presented.) by changing the meteorological variables. Meteorological variables affecting (Formula presented.) differ with different geologic conditions and seasons. in mountainous areas revealed almost similar responses to the change in RH, (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.) (±10% change in (Formula presented.)) during the spring season. However, for other regions, RH and (Formula presented.) caused changes to (Formula presented.) throughout, ranging from −15% to +20% in the plain area, −20% to +15% in the west and east coast, and −20% to +10% in the south coast. In addition, there were significant differences in parameter responses between regions and seasons, which was confirmed by the results.
AB - It is critical to understand how meteorological variables impact reference evapotranspiration (Formula presented.) since meteorological variables have a different effect on (Formula presented.). This study examined the impact of meteorological variables on (Formula presented.) on the Korean Peninsula under complex climatic and geographic conditions in order to understand how (Formula presented.) and meteorological variables have changed over the past 42 years. Different geographical conditions were analyzed, including plains, mountains, and coastal areas on a seasonal and annual basis. (Formula presented.) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith method by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) using daily relative humidity (Formula presented.), solar radiation (Formula presented.), maximum temperature (Formula presented.), minimum temperature (Formula presented.), and wind speed (Formula presented.). According to the results, the maximum mean seasonal and annual (Formula presented.) occurred on the southern coast, while the minimum occurred in the mountainous area and along the east coast. Seasonal (Formula presented.) is highest in summer, and is lowest in winter for all regions. The investigation of meteorological variables on (Formula presented.) revealed that the response varied by area, and the magnitudes of sensitivity varied by location and season. RH is the most critical meteorological variable to affect (Formula presented.) in all seasons, except summer, when (Formula presented.) is the most sensitive parameter. The results revealed that different regions showed different responses to the change in (Formula presented.) by changing the meteorological variables. Meteorological variables affecting (Formula presented.) differ with different geologic conditions and seasons. in mountainous areas revealed almost similar responses to the change in RH, (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.) (±10% change in (Formula presented.)) during the spring season. However, for other regions, RH and (Formula presented.) caused changes to (Formula presented.) throughout, ranging from −15% to +20% in the plain area, −20% to +15% in the west and east coast, and −20% to +10% in the south coast. In addition, there were significant differences in parameter responses between regions and seasons, which was confirmed by the results.
KW - FAO Penman-Monteith
KW - geographic conditions
KW - Korean Peninsula
KW - meteorological variables
KW - probability density function
KW - reference evapotranspiration
KW - sensitivity analysis
KW - trend analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85147855778&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/w15030454
DO - 10.3390/w15030454
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147855778
SN - 2073-4441
VL - 15
JO - Water (Switzerland)
JF - Water (Switzerland)
IS - 3
M1 - 454
ER -