TY - JOUR
T1 - Modeling elastic, viscous and creep characteristics of cellulose Electro-Active Paper
AU - Kim, Jaehwan
AU - Ampofo, Joshua
AU - Craft, William
AU - Soo Kim, Heung
PY - 2008/12
Y1 - 2008/12
N2 - A mechanical model of the elastic, viscous and creep behavior of a cellulose-based Electro-Active Paper (EAPap), including C1, C2, and C6 along three material axes is developed and verified. The model consists of a spring-dashpot system that predicts the response under cyclic loading as a function of temperature. The modeling system providing the most consistent results consists of a spring and dashpot in parallel with each other, both in series with another dashpot. While the spring and dashpot in parallel represents both elastic and viscous response delay, the series dashpot accounts for the higher creep rates associated with elevated temperatures. The three parameters of this model are determined by fitting experimental data to the mathematical solution under cyclic loading conditions through a nonlinear least-squares method. There are a number of complex nonlinear load displacement mechanisms involved in the initial load cycle, thus to minimize modeling errors, most of the simulation modeling was developed to predict the mature portion of the load deflection curve through failure. The results presented in these studies strongly suggest that this three-parameter accurately describes the response of the three electroactive papers studied. The material creeps at elevated temperature, but there is insignificant creep at room temperature. The elastic behavior varies inversely with temperature and with the bias angle tested; however, the overall viscous behavior of the three types of EAPap tested is relatively complex.
AB - A mechanical model of the elastic, viscous and creep behavior of a cellulose-based Electro-Active Paper (EAPap), including C1, C2, and C6 along three material axes is developed and verified. The model consists of a spring-dashpot system that predicts the response under cyclic loading as a function of temperature. The modeling system providing the most consistent results consists of a spring and dashpot in parallel with each other, both in series with another dashpot. While the spring and dashpot in parallel represents both elastic and viscous response delay, the series dashpot accounts for the higher creep rates associated with elevated temperatures. The three parameters of this model are determined by fitting experimental data to the mathematical solution under cyclic loading conditions through a nonlinear least-squares method. There are a number of complex nonlinear load displacement mechanisms involved in the initial load cycle, thus to minimize modeling errors, most of the simulation modeling was developed to predict the mature portion of the load deflection curve through failure. The results presented in these studies strongly suggest that this three-parameter accurately describes the response of the three electroactive papers studied. The material creeps at elevated temperature, but there is insignificant creep at room temperature. The elastic behavior varies inversely with temperature and with the bias angle tested; however, the overall viscous behavior of the three types of EAPap tested is relatively complex.
KW - Cellulose
KW - Creep
KW - Electro-Active Paper
KW - Fatigue
KW - Nonlinear least square curve fitting
KW - Spring-dashpot system
KW - Three parameter model
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=51549087103&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2008.07.001
DO - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2008.07.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:51549087103
SN - 0167-6636
VL - 40
SP - 1001
EP - 1011
JO - Mechanics of Materials
JF - Mechanics of Materials
IS - 12
ER -