TY - JOUR
T1 - Molecular mechanisms of bipolar disorder
T2 - Progress made and future challenges
AU - Kim, Yeni
AU - Santos, Renata
AU - Gage, Fred H.
AU - Marchetto, Maria C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Kim, Santos, Gage and Marchetto.
PY - 2017/2/14
Y1 - 2017/2/14
N2 - Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and progressive psychiatric illness characterized by mood oscillations, with episodes of mania and depression. The impact of BD on patients can be devastating, with up to 15% of patients committing suicide. This disorder is associated with psychiatric and medical comorbidities and patients with a high risk of drug abuse, metabolic and endocrine disorders and vascular disease. Current knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms causing BD is still modest. With no clear biological markers available, early diagnosis is a great challenge to clinicians without previous knowledge of the longitudinal progress of illness. Moreover, despite recommendations from evidence-based guidelines, polypharmacy is still common in clinical treatment of BD, reflecting the gap between research and clinical practice. A major challenge in BD is the development of effective drugs with low toxicity for the patients. In this review article, we focus on the progress made and future challenges we face in determining the pathophysiology and molecular pathways involved in BD, such as circadian and metabolic perturbations, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction, autophagy and glutamatergic neurotransmission; which may lead to the development of new drugs.
AB - Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and progressive psychiatric illness characterized by mood oscillations, with episodes of mania and depression. The impact of BD on patients can be devastating, with up to 15% of patients committing suicide. This disorder is associated with psychiatric and medical comorbidities and patients with a high risk of drug abuse, metabolic and endocrine disorders and vascular disease. Current knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms causing BD is still modest. With no clear biological markers available, early diagnosis is a great challenge to clinicians without previous knowledge of the longitudinal progress of illness. Moreover, despite recommendations from evidence-based guidelines, polypharmacy is still common in clinical treatment of BD, reflecting the gap between research and clinical practice. A major challenge in BD is the development of effective drugs with low toxicity for the patients. In this review article, we focus on the progress made and future challenges we face in determining the pathophysiology and molecular pathways involved in BD, such as circadian and metabolic perturbations, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction, autophagy and glutamatergic neurotransmission; which may lead to the development of new drugs.
KW - Bipolar disorder
KW - Disease modeling
KW - Endoplasmic reticulum stress
KW - Glutamate
KW - Hyperexcitability
KW - Mitochondrial dysfunction
KW - Oxidative stress
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85013903498&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fncel.2017.00030
DO - 10.3389/fncel.2017.00030
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85013903498
SN - 1662-5102
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
JF - Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
M1 - 30
ER -