New liquid carbon dioxide based strategy for high energy/power density LiFePO4

Jieun Hwang, Ki Chun Kong, Wonyoung Chang, Eunmi Jo, Kyungwan Nam, Jaehoon Kim

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

56 Scopus citations

Abstract

A liquid carbon dioxide (l-CO2) based coating approach is developed for ultrathin, uniform, and conformal carbon coating of hierarchically mesoporous LiFePO4 (LFP) nano/microspheres for fabricating high-energy-density and high-power-density carbon coated LFP (C-LFP) with long-term cyclability. The unique properties of l-CO2 result in an ultrathin carbon layer (1.9 nm) distributed all over the primary nano-sized LFP particles (20–140 nm in diameter), forming a core (LFP)-shell (carbon) structure. This unique structure provides facile penetration of liquid electrolytes and rapid electron and Li-ion transport. C-LFP exhibits high reversible capacity, high energy and power density (168 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, 109 Wh kg−1 and 3.3 kW kg−1 at 30 C, respectively) with excellent long-term cyclability (84% cycle retention at 10 C after 1000 cycles). In addition, the ultrathin and uniform carbon layer of the mesoporous microspheres allows a high tap density (1.4 g cm−3) resulting in a high volumetric energy density (458 Wh L−1 at a 30 C rate). Furthermore, C-LFP presents a high capacity and stable cycling performance under low-temperature and high-temperature environment. Well-developed carbon coating approach in this study is simple, scalable, and environmentally benign, making it very promising for commercial-scale production of electrode materials for large-scale Li-ion battery applications.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)398-410
Number of pages13
JournalNano Energy
Volume36
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jun 2017

Keywords

  • Hierarchical structure lithium ion batteries
  • Liquid carbon dioxide
  • Lithium iron phosphate
  • Uniform carbon coating

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