Occurrence, Mineralogical Characteristics, and Management Strategies for Naturally Occurring Asbestos in the Midwestern Korean Peninsula

This study implemented an integrated mineralogical and microscopic workflow to identify naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) in former mining areas of H County in the central-western Korean Peninsula and to derive practical implications for long-term site management. Five former mining localities were selected based on regional NOA distribution maps and historical mining records. Representative rock samples were analyzed using polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The findings revealed that chrysotile was the dominant type of asbestos, with localized occurrences of actinolite and anthophyllite also identified. The results indicate that mixed asbestos assemblages can form in structurally controlled and altered lithologic domains, highlighting the need for complementary analytical methods for reliable identification instead of relying on a single technique. Importantly, the study suggests that the response to NOA-bearing environments should focus on long-term management rather than just documenting their presence. Effective management strategies should include revegetation, engineered covering or backfilling, control of dust-generating activities, restrictions on material reuse, provision of information on health risk prevention and exposure reduction, and long-term monitoring for adaptive site control.