Optimal design and characteristic analysis of CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals hybridized with 2,5-diphenyloxazole molecules for UV and X-ray detection

Scintillation is a flash of light produced in a material by the passage of a high-energy particle or photon. Desirable properties of scintillators, such as high quantum yield, low afterglow, and radiation hardness, are determined by their physical and optoelectronic properties. Metal halide perovskite (CsPbX₃, X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) have gained increasing attention as materials for optical and X-ray scintillators across a wide range of incident photon energies owing to their outstanding luminescent properties. In this study, we demonstrate the dependence of scintillation yield (SY) on incident photon energy ranging from ultraviolet (UV) light to X-rays in colloidal CsPbBr₃ NCs hybridized with organic molecules (2,5-diphenyloxazole: PPO). The measured SY varied with the changing concentration ratio of NCs and PPO molecules. Experimental and theoretical analyses suggested that the SY is associated with the competition between photoluminescence quenching (reabsorption) and photoelectric effect enhanced by X-ray photon induced charge transfer from the organic molecules to the NCs. The optimally engineered hybrid nanomaterial scintillator exhibits excellent X-ray imaging with sharp image contrast (i.e., super-resolved edge spread function (ESF)), under X-ray irradiation commonly used for diagnosis.