Perspectives on the nanotechnology applications of for the analytical detection of heavy metals in marine organisms

Heavy metals accumulate in organisms throughout the food chain and eventually end up in humans. Heavy metals can cause severe diseases and may even result in death. Therefore, concerns about heavy metal accumulation in marine organisms have increased in recent years. To determine solutions to this concern, the sensitive detection of heavy metals in marine organisms is required. Current detection techniques for heavy metals present in marine organisms have several limitations, such as complicated pre-treatment steps and a lengthy analysis time. Thus, there are increasing needs for the newly developed methods of detecting heavy metals in marine organisms. In this review, we focus here on (1) the current detection techniques available and (2) the application of newly emergent nanotechnology for the sensitive detection of heavy metals in marine organisms.