Post-Deposition Vapor Annealing Enables Fabrication of 1 cm2 Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Towhid H. Chowdhury, Md Emrul Kayesh, Jae Joon Lee, Yoshitaka Matsushita, Said Kazaoui, Ashraful Islam

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sn-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising alternatives to replacing toxic Pb-based PSCs, which have shown a rapid rise in photovoltaic applications in the past 1 year. However, the reported Sn-based PSCs are often fabricated with a small aperture area (typically 0.02–0.1 cm2) because forming homogeneous pinhole-free continuous films over a large surface area is still challenging. Herein, a post-deposition vapor annealing (PDVA) process assisted by methylammonium chloride vapor is presented that enables the fabrication of stable, homogeneous pinhole-free FASnI3 perovskite absorber films with low crystal defects and low surface recombination over a relatively large area up to 1.02 cm2. Inverted planar solar cells fabricated with a 1.02 cm2 aperture area show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 6.33% with high reproducibility and stability. The shelf-lifetime stability test shows that the PSCs retain 90% of their performance for more than 1000 h when stored in a N2-filled glove box and under dark conditions. The preliminary light-soaking stability tests under continuous illumination and maximum power-tracking conditions are relatively promising. This study marks an important step toward the up scaling of Sn-based PSCs.

Original languageEnglish
Article number1900245
JournalSolar RRL
Volume3
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Dec 2019

Keywords

  • efficiencies
  • large areas
  • Pb-free perovskite solar cells
  • Sn-based perovskite solar cells
  • stabilities

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