TY - JOUR
T1 - Quality characteristics of soybean fermented by Mucor, Rhizopus, and Aspergillus from meju
AU - Heo, Sojeong
AU - Park, Junghyun
AU - Lee, Kwang Geun
AU - Lee, Jong Hoon
AU - Jeong, Do Won
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Three candidate starter strains—Aspergillus oryzae SNU-G, Mucor sp. KACC 46077, and Rhizopus oryzae KACC 40256—were inoculated into soybean, as individual strains or in combination, to assess their roles in fermentation. All the strains increased the pH, amino-type nitrogen, and moisture content of the soybean during fermentation, and decreased the lightness, redness, and yellowness. The inoculated strains increased to an average density of 1.37 × 108 spores/g (from the initial 5.0 × 107 spores/g) after 20 days of fermentation. Forty-two volatile compounds, including an acid, alcohols, carbonyls, furans, and a pyrazine, were more abundant in soybean fermented with starters than in controls. A. oryzae SNU-G increased the pH more than the other strains and produced more volatile alcohol compounds. R. oryzae KACC 40256 resulted in the lowest reduction of redness and yellowness during the fermentation and produced large amounts of carbonyl compounds, including two specific volatile compounds, 2-hydroxy-3-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one and (3E)-3-ethyl-2-methylhexa-1,3-diene. Mucor sp. KACC 46077 contributed the least to pH change and volatile compound production, and did not produce specific volatile compounds. Although no significant synergy in the production of volatile compounds was found when using mixtures of strains compared with application of single strains, the quality of fermented soybeans was confirmed to be different depending on the strain(s) applied.
AB - Three candidate starter strains—Aspergillus oryzae SNU-G, Mucor sp. KACC 46077, and Rhizopus oryzae KACC 40256—were inoculated into soybean, as individual strains or in combination, to assess their roles in fermentation. All the strains increased the pH, amino-type nitrogen, and moisture content of the soybean during fermentation, and decreased the lightness, redness, and yellowness. The inoculated strains increased to an average density of 1.37 × 108 spores/g (from the initial 5.0 × 107 spores/g) after 20 days of fermentation. Forty-two volatile compounds, including an acid, alcohols, carbonyls, furans, and a pyrazine, were more abundant in soybean fermented with starters than in controls. A. oryzae SNU-G increased the pH more than the other strains and produced more volatile alcohol compounds. R. oryzae KACC 40256 resulted in the lowest reduction of redness and yellowness during the fermentation and produced large amounts of carbonyl compounds, including two specific volatile compounds, 2-hydroxy-3-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one and (3E)-3-ethyl-2-methylhexa-1,3-diene. Mucor sp. KACC 46077 contributed the least to pH change and volatile compound production, and did not produce specific volatile compounds. Although no significant synergy in the production of volatile compounds was found when using mixtures of strains compared with application of single strains, the quality of fermented soybeans was confirmed to be different depending on the strain(s) applied.
KW - Aspergillus oryzae
KW - Fermentation
KW - Fermented soybean
KW - Mucor sp.
KW - Rhizopus oryzae
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85149762884&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14092
DO - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14092
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85149762884
SN - 2405-8440
VL - 9
JO - Heliyon
JF - Heliyon
IS - 3
M1 - e14092
ER -