Quantifying costs of the productivity loss due to schedule changes in construction projects

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to develop a method to integrate the schedule-based analysis with a productivity-based analysis to prove and support the result of the damages calculation. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, a “cost and schedule impact integration” (CSI₂) model is proposed to objectively show and estimate lost productivity due to changes in construction projects. Findings: A schedule-based analysis to include separate tracking of change order costs can be used to predict productivity due to the delay and disruption; changes in construction projects almost always result in delay and disruption. However, the schedule-based analysis needs to be integrated with a productivity-based analysis to prove and support the result of the damages calculation. Practical implications: The results of this study expand upon construction practices for proving and quantifying lost productivity due to changes in construction projects. Originality/value: The contribution of the paper is summarized as the introduction of a “schedule impact analysis” into a “cost impact analysis” technique to assess the damages, as well as to demonstrate the labor productivity impact due to delay and disruption in construction projects.