TY - JOUR
T1 - Regenerative Functions of Regulatory T Cells and Current Strategies Utilizing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Immunomodulatory Tissue Regeneration
AU - Ahn, Jinsung
AU - Kim, Bowon
AU - Bello, Alvin Bacero
AU - Moon, James J.
AU - Arai, Yoshie
AU - Lee, Soo Hong
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Korean Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Society 2025.
PY - 2025/2
Y1 - 2025/2
N2 - Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and facilitating tissue regeneration by fostering an environment conducive to tissue repair. However, in damaged tissues, excessive inflammatory responses can overwhelm the immunomodulatory capacity of Tregs, compromising their functionality and potentially hindering effective regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a key role in enhancing Treg function. MSCs enhance Treg activity through indirect interactions, such as cytokine secretion, and direct interactions via membrane proteins. Methods: This review examines the regenerative functions of Tregs across various tissues, including bone, cartilage, muscle, and skin, and explores strategies to enhance Treg functionality using MSCs. Advanced techniques, such as the overexpression of relevant genes in MSCs, are highlighted for their potential to further enhance Treg function. Additionally, emerging technologies utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cell membrane-derived vesicles derived from MSCs offer promising alternatives to circumvent the potential side effects associated with live cell therapies. This review proposes approaches to enhance Treg function and promote tissue regeneration and also outlines future research directions. Results and Conclusion: This review elucidates recent technological advancements aimed at enhancing Treg function using MSCs and examines their potential to improve tissue regeneration efficiency.
AB - Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and facilitating tissue regeneration by fostering an environment conducive to tissue repair. However, in damaged tissues, excessive inflammatory responses can overwhelm the immunomodulatory capacity of Tregs, compromising their functionality and potentially hindering effective regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a key role in enhancing Treg function. MSCs enhance Treg activity through indirect interactions, such as cytokine secretion, and direct interactions via membrane proteins. Methods: This review examines the regenerative functions of Tregs across various tissues, including bone, cartilage, muscle, and skin, and explores strategies to enhance Treg functionality using MSCs. Advanced techniques, such as the overexpression of relevant genes in MSCs, are highlighted for their potential to further enhance Treg function. Additionally, emerging technologies utilizing extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cell membrane-derived vesicles derived from MSCs offer promising alternatives to circumvent the potential side effects associated with live cell therapies. This review proposes approaches to enhance Treg function and promote tissue regeneration and also outlines future research directions. Results and Conclusion: This review elucidates recent technological advancements aimed at enhancing Treg function using MSCs and examines their potential to improve tissue regeneration efficiency.
KW - Cell membrane-based vesicles
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - Immunomodulatory tissue regeneration
KW - Mesenchymal stem cells
KW - Regulatory T cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85217236860&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s13770-024-00690-w
DO - 10.1007/s13770-024-00690-w
M3 - Review article
C2 - 39804546
AN - SCOPUS:85217236860
SN - 1738-2696
VL - 22
SP - 167
EP - 180
JO - Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
JF - Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
IS - 2
M1 - 119841
ER -