S_N2-mediated decoupled precursor provision enables large-scale production of monodisperse lead halide perovskite quantum dots in a single reactor

Quantum-confined lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals (QPNCs) are a promising optoelectronic semiconductor owing to their exceptional fluorescence and the size- and dimension-tunable optical properties. QPNCs having low formation energy encounter challenges in accurately regulating the nucleation and crystal growth stages during injection-based syntheses using lead halide reagents. Here, we introduce a non-injection, one-pot synthetic approach based on bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S_N2) and thermolysis reactions of the decoupled metal and halide precursors for the large-scale production of monodisperse CsPbX₃-QPNCs (X = Cl, Br, I). This approach facilitates a homogeneous supply of halide anions and metal cations, enabling the precise control over the nucleation and crystal growth stages in the isolated size-focused region. Monodisperse CsPbX₃-QPNCs achieve high color purity across the RGB color gamut by adjusting size, dimensionality, and halide composition, and can be produced on an ultra-large scale.