Tactile apparent motion between both hands based on frequency modulation

In this paper, the effects of the frequency modulation of vibration elements on the representation of dynamic tactile apparent motion between both hands will be proposed. The sensation level difference due to the different frequencies that result when using vibrating motors on the right and left fingers causes a phantom sensation that is perceived as if the stimuli were between the fingers. The change of sensation level difference between both hands due to the frequency modulation creates a somatosensory illusion using this phantom sensation, which occurs in such a way as to feel like a vibration flow from one hand to the other hand. We conducted experiments to evaluate whether the tactile flow and the phantom sensation can be perceived. Participants reported sensing the vibrotactile flow and the phantom sensation.