The Multifaceted Role of Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 in Cancer: from Biomarker to Therapeutic Target

Tetraspanin superfamily proteins not only facilitate the trafficking of specific proteins to distinct plasma membrane domains but also influence cell-to-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Among these proteins, Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 (EMP2), a member of the growth arrest-specific gene 3/peripheral myelin protein 22 (GAS3/PMP22) family, is known to affect key cellular processes. Recent studies have revealed that EMP2 modulates critical signaling pathways and interacts with adhesion molecules and growth factor receptors, underscoring its potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. These findings suggest that EMP2 expression patterns could provide valuable insights into tumorigenesis and metastasis. Moreover, EMP2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target, with approaches aimed at inhibiting or modulating its activity showing potential to disrupt tumor growth and metastasis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in understanding the multifaceted roles of EMP2 in cancer, with a focus on its underlying mechanisms and clinical significance.