Ultrasonically driven green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles by Coleus amboinicus for catalytic reduction and Suzuki-Miyaura reaction

A novel ultrasonically driven bio-reduction method was adopted to reduce the palladium chloride into palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs@CA) using coleus amboinicus extract as a green synthetic protocol. XRD confirms the formation of phase pure cubic Pd nanoparticles with the crystallite size range of 40−50 nm. The UV–vis spectrum reveals the formation of Pd nanoparticles by the disappeared peak at 480 nm of PdCl₂ solution. The size distribution and surface morphology of prepared Pd nanoparticles showed spherical shaped nanoparticles with less agglomeration. The catalytic reduction behaviour of the Pd suspension is studied by 4-nitro phenol reduction process in 8 min further confirms its high catalytic performance. Synthesized PdNPs@CA were explored in ultrasound promoted Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction to determine the catalytic behaviour with ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz and power of 150 W (Power sonic 410 bath sonicator) and its recycling ability is determined. It was found that aryl halides reacted with aryl boronic acids to obtain biaryl compound with excellent reaction yields in the presence of PdNPs@CA only in 30 min using PEG-400 as a green solvent. PdNPs@CA can be recovered efficiently and reused for 7 cycles without loss of its catalytic property.